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Schizophrenia is a psychiatric disorder (or cluster of disorders) whose symptoms include alterations in perception, thinking, mood and behavior. These include "positive symptoms" such as hallucinations and delusion and delusional thinking; negative symptoms such as a lack of motivation, apathy, poverty of speech, social withdrawal, and self-neglect; and cognitive deficits, which consist mainly of problems with short term memory, executive function and processing speed. The direct effects of the disease are exacerbated by the effects of social stigma and limited public understanding. This societal response can contribute to difficulty in maintaining relationships and maintaining gainful employment.〔 〕 Mortality in people with schizophrenia is 2-3 fold greater than in the general population, leading to a >10 year loss of median life expectancy. Accordingly, the ideal management of schizophrenia is multimodal and includes a mixture of psychological, pharmacological, social, educational, and employment-related interventions directed to promoting recovery, reducing the impact of the disease on quality of life, social functioning, and longevity. ==Hospitalization== Hospitalization may occur with severe episodes of schizophrenia. This can be voluntary or (if mental health legislation allows it) involuntary (called civil or involuntary commitment). Long-term inpatient stays are now less common due to deinstitutionalization, although still occur. Following (or in lieu of) a hospital admission, support services available can include drop-in centers, visits from members of a community mental health team or Assertive Community Treatment team, supported employment and patient-led support groups. Efforts to avoid repeated hospitalization include the obtaining of community treatment orders which,following judicial approval, coerce the affected individual to receive psychiatric treatment including long-acting injections of anti-psychotic medication. This legal mechanism has been shown to increase the affected patient's time out of the hospital.〔Effects of compulsory treatment orders on time to hospital readmission (2005).〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Management of schizophrenia」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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